Curriculum Development System

 

1. Motives of Curriculum Development

 

     1.1. Religious Motives = this is evident for most of Catholic Schools. It can be observed that these schools offer Religious Education and their Spiritual Activities will coincide to their Spirituality.

     1.2. Political Motives = this is the thrust of every country all over the world. The state will ensure that there is appreciation of the country's political ideology and adherence to its principles, values and practices.

    1.3. Utilitarian = this motive highlights the concrete application of any learning in school. This means that subjects will be used and applied in the lives of students.

      1.4. Mass Education = this motive is to attain high level of literacy of the state. Thus, compulsory and free education is provided to the citizens.

      1.5. Excellence in Education = schools are into competition against each other in the various aspect of the curriculum. Pride and honor is given emphasis. 

2. Chronological Development of Curriculum

      2.1. Pre-Spanish Period - Informal Education was evident prior to the coming of colonizers.

                                    - Academic Curriculum  (system of writing, laws and moral standards,etc)

                                    - Strategies ( Oral, Practical and Hands-on)

      2.2. Spanish Period - consists of the 3 R's (reading, writing and religion)

                                      - characteristics ( parochial, convent based)

                                      - method of teaching ( memorization of prayers, speeches, etc.)

      2.3. American Period - based on ideals and traditions of America and the hierarchy of values 

                                           (Democracy and Freedom)

                                         - medium of instruction ( English language)

                                         - two aspect of learning

                                              mental training ( English, Reading, Writing, Conversation, 

                                              Phonetics, Spelling, Study of nature and arithmetic) and 

                                              body training (singing, drawing, hardwood, P.E.)

                                          - 2 levels in Grade School ( primary and Intermediate) where students 

                                              taught geography and civic subject 

                                        - Collegiate Level (normal schools were opened first to produce teachers in  

                                           order to replace the "Thomasites"

                                        - Significant Features of American Education

                                           democratic way of life

                                           religious freedom (public schools abolished compulsory religious ed.)

                                        - Commonwealth curriculum ( introduce courses in Farming, trade and 

                                             business science)

 

     2.4. Japanese Devised Curriculum

                                         - Nihonggo became medium of instruction and/or a subject.

                                         - abolished English as subject

                                         - textbook was provided but tailored to serve the interest of Japan.

                                         - blackout of previous colonizer's influences